齒輪加工
- 聯系人：陳先生
- 電話：13601504610
- 產品描述：常州茂通機械是機械零部件加工制造的經營實體，主要業務包括數控車床加工，CNC加工中心，內外圓磨床加工，龍門銑床加工，鏜孔（鉆孔）加工。已獲得ISO9001:2008質量體系認證。本廠現年產值1600多萬元，員工30余名，廠房2000㎡。擁有獨立的數控車間、焊接車間、普通金加工車間，并以加工產品質量上乘，工作進程迅速而常年與三一重工、江蘇南方機電股份有限公司、、博雷（中國）控制系統有限公司、蘇州昆侖
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齒輪軸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設計(ji)說明書 一、分(fen)析(xi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)（如圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)） 1、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)名稱：齒輪軸； 2、材料：40Cr； 3、質量(liang)：17.38kg； 4、產(chan)量(liang)：100件(jian)(jian)(jian)； 5、技術要求(qiu)： 1）調質處理(li)28-32HRC。 6、齒輪基本參數： 1）m=4; β=9°22′（左旋）; 2）z=33, 精度等(deng)(deng)級887FH； 3）α=20°。 二(er)、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)分(fen)析(xi) 1、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、環(huan)境及(ji)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)后現象(xiang)分(fen)析(xi) 零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)軸類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，因此鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不是側重于(yu)成(cheng)形(xing)、減少加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)，而(er)是側重于(yu)提高鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)能(neng)。結(jie)(jie)合現代工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)廠設備、技術力量(liang)和(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)力，選(xuan)用(yong)自(zi)由(you)(you)手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)后零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)性(xing)能(neng)可能(neng)變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨勢(shi)有坯料端部彎曲(qu)并帶毛(mao)刺和(he)脫碳(tan)等(deng)(deng)。 2、零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)形(xing)狀對鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)適應(ying)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi) 即鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)性(xing)分(fen)析(xi)。該零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階梯(ti)軸類零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，可通過(guo)手(shou)(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)由(you)(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)來完(wan)成(cheng)初步(bu)成(cheng)型。因鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)而(er)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺陷可以通過(guo)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱處理(li)和(he)切(qie)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來改善。 三、繪(hui)(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是根(gen)據零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)繪(hui)(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。自(zi)由(you)(you)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)是在零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上考慮了加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)、鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)造(zao)公差(cha)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)余塊等(deng)(deng)參數后繪(hui)(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。根(gen)據以下步(bu)驟繪(hui)(hui)制(zhi)(zhi)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)（如下頁(ye)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)）： （1）確定鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀。 （2）用(yong)紅線繪(hui)(hui)出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。 （3）計(ji)算尺寸，查公差(cha)并注于(yu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)上。
四、參(can)數(shu)選(xuan)擇(ze) 1、工藝(yi)參(can)數(shu) 首先選(xuan)擇(ze)工藝(yi)余塊(kuai)以簡(jian)化(hua)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)外形(xing)，然后確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)加工余量(liang)(liang)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)差。 2、選(xuan)擇(ze)依(yi)據(ju)(ju)(ju) 選(xuan)擇(ze)參(can)數(shu)應考慮鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、形(xing)狀(zhuang)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)、現(xian)有設備、生產(chan)批量(liang)(liang)等因(yin)素(su)。 3、確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 查(cha)有關標準進(jin)行分析，并與(yu)同(tong)類(lei)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)比較，選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)差余量(liang)(liang)可依(yi)下(xia)列條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)： （1）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)。數(shu)量(liang)(liang)多，其(qi)值取(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則(ze)(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （2）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)其(qi)值取(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，特殊鋼取(qu)(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （3）表面質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。原材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好(hao)，其(qi)值取(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則(ze)(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （4）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)形(xing)狀(zhuang)簡(jian)單，長(chang)度(du)短(duan)，其(qi)值取(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則(ze)(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （5）鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工技(ji)(ji)術水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)工技(ji)(ji)術水(shui)平(ping)(ping)高，其(qi)值取(qu)(qu)(qu)小(xiao)些(xie)(xie)(xie)，否則(ze)(ze)(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)大些(xie)(xie)(xie)。 （6）工具(ju)和設備情況、企(qi)業工藝(yi)習慣等其(qi)它因(yin)素(su)。 4、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)(ju)處理 對于(yu)大型鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尾數(shu)圓整(zheng)為5或0；中(zhong)小(xiao)型鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)按(an)四舍五(wu)入原則(ze)(ze)(ze)處理成整(zheng)數(shu)。最(zui)后確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝(yi)參(can)數(shu)如(ru)(ru)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圖所示。 五(wu)、確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun) 1、確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)包(bao)括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、加熱時(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、切(qie)頭(tou)(tou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)沖(chong)(chong)孔(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)等。 (1) 計(ji)算(suan)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang) 根據(ju)(ju)(ju)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)狀(zhuang)和基本(ben)(ben)(ben)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)，可計(ji)算(suan)出鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)： m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV 式(shi)中(zhong) m鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)； p—鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密度(du)（ kg/dm3 ）取(qu)(qu)(qu)7.85kg /dm3 ； V —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積（ dm3 ）； 由(you)此(ci)計(ji)算(suan)得：m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝ pV = 7.85 kg /dm3×3.498 dm3 = 27.46 kg (2) 計(ji)算(suan)坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang) 坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)包(bao)括鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)(ben)(ben)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)、加熱時(shi)(shi)(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)、切(qie)頭(tou)(tou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)沖(chong)(chong)孔(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)等。其(qi)計(ji)算(suan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)為： m 坯 ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒(shao) ＋ m 切(qie) ＋ m 芯(xin)(xin)(xin) 式(shi)中(zhong) m 坯 —坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) —鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)（ kg ）； m 燒(shao)—氧(yang)化(hua)燒(shao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)（ kg ）， m 切(qie)—表示對拔長(chang)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)頭(tou)(tou)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)（ kg ）； m 芯(xin)(xin)(xin)—沖(chong)(chong)孔(kong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)沖(chong)(chong)掉的(de)(de)(de)(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)料(liao)(liao)(liao)損(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)(shi)(shi)（ kg ）； m 燒(shao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)按(an)火次進(jin)行估(gu)算(suan)，如(ru)(ru)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)火取(qu)(qu)(qu)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 2.0% ～ 3.0% ，以后各火一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)取(qu)(qu)(qu) 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de) 1.5% ～ 2.0% ；m 切(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)按(an)下(xia)面經驗公(gong)(gong)(gong)式(shi)估(gu)算(suan)：對于(yu)該(gai)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)圓形(xing)截面 m 切(qie)＝1.81 ，其(qi)中(zhong)D 為切(qie)頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)分直徑（ dm ）；零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)沒(mei)有沖(chong)(chong)孔(kong)，故， m 芯(xin)(xin)(xin)= 0kg。 所以，m 坯 ＝ m 鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan) ＋ m 燒(shao) ＋ m 切(qie) ＋ m 芯(xin)(xin)(xin)＝27.46×（1+1.5%）+1.81×0.873 ＝28.60(kg) 2、確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun) 坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)尺寸(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)與(yu)所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)工序（鐓粗(cu)或拔長(chang)）有關，所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工序不同(tong)，確(que)(que)(que)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)也不一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣。 此(ci)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)間部(bu)分采用(yong)鐓粗(cu)法(fa)鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)制，對于(yu)鋼坯，為避免鐓粗(cu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)產(chan)生 彎曲(qu)，坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)高度(du)H與(yu)其(qi)直徑D之比應滿(man)足鐓粗(cu)規則(ze)(ze)(ze)，即 1.25≤H/D≤2.5 對于(yu)此(ci)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓坯料(liao)(liao)(liao) ,D坯＝（0.8～1）D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),取(qu)(qu)(qu)D坯＝0.8 D鍛(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)＝0.8*150mm＝120mm 由(you)此(ci)，可求(qiu)出坯料(liao)(liao)(liao)高度(du)H坯。
